Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinozawas a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi/Portuguese origin. By laying the groundwork for the 18th-century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism, including modern conceptions of the self and the universe, he came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy...
NationalityDutch
ProfessionPhilosopher
Date of Birth24 November 1632
gratitude real views
True knowledge of good and evil as we possess is merely abstract or general, and the judgment which we pass on the order of things and the connection of causes, with a view to determining what is good or bad for us in the present, is rather imaginary than real.
melancholy deaf realism
One and the same thing can at the same time be good, bad, and indifferent, e.g., music is good to the melancholy, bad to those who mourn, and neither good nor bad to the deaf.
vacuums speculation
Speculation, like nature, abhors a vacuum.
philosophy views religion
Philosophy has no end in view save truth; faith looks for nothing but obedience and piety.
integrity ethics
Let unswerving integrity be your watchword.
war philosophical character
Peace is not the absence of war, but a virtue based on strength of character.
philosophical virtue reason
True virtue is life under the direction of reason.
life pain hate
From what has been said we can clearly understand the nature of Love and Hate. Love is nothing else but pleasure accompanied by the idea of an external cause: Hate is nothing else but pain accompanied by the idea of an external cause. We further see, that he who loves necessarily endeavors to have, and to keep present to him, the object of his love; while he who hates endeavors to remove and destroy the object of his hatred.
exercise men thinking
The safest way for a state is to lay down the rule that religion is comprised solely in the exercise of charity and justice, and that the rights of rulers in sacred, no less than in secular matters, should merely have to do with actions, but that every man should think what he likes and say what he thinks.
simple numbers ideas
The idea, which constitutes the actual being of the human mind, is not simple, but compounded of a great number of ideas.
moving men mind
As men's habits of mind differ, so that some more readily embrace one form of faith, some another, for what moves one to pray may move another to scoff, I conclude that everyone should be free to choose for himself the foundations of his creed, and that faith should be judged only by its fruits.
thinking littles ordinary
The multitude always strains after rarities and exceptions, and thinks little of the gifts of nature; so that, when prophecy is talked of, ordinary knowledge is not supposed to be included. Nevertheless it has as much right as any other to be called Divine.
mind weakness morality
He that can carp in the most eloquent or acute manner at the weakness of the human mind is held by his fellows as almost divine.
mind unions whole
The greatest good is the knowledge of the union which the mind has with the whole nature.